Australia's recent referendum on constitutional recognition of indigenous Australians highlighted a clear geographic divide in voting patterns. Support for the 'yes' case was concentrated in inner-city areas, while opposition was stronger in suburban and regional areas [ef607576]. This divide poses challenges for political parties, as traditional party-political pitches based on class and ideology become increasingly irrelevant. The wealthy and corporates are more likely to support progressive causes, while working-class areas reject these causes and support conservative values [ef607576]. As a result, political parties may need to realign and adopt more place-based policies. In recent elections, traditionally conservative seats in inner urban areas were won by progressive candidates, and once safe inner working-class seats are now held by left-leaning Greens [ef607576]. The future of major parties lies in adapting their appeals to specific geographic areas. Maps showing the distribution of 'yes' and 'no' votes in Sydney, Melbourne, Queensland, and Western Australia further illustrate this geographic voting divide [ef607576].