The G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro, held on November 18, 2024, marked a pivotal moment in global governance, emphasizing the power of the Global South in addressing pressing global issues. Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva launched the Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty, which includes 82 founding member nations, underscoring the urgent need for collective action against poverty. Lula's initiative aims to benefit 500 million people by 2030, reflecting a commitment to social equity and economic development. [d2e61cd1]
During the summit, leaders like Chinese President Xi Jinping highlighted the importance of cooperation among nations. Xi emphasized China's significant role in global economic growth, boasting a 5.2% annual growth rate and the success of its poverty alleviation campaign, which has lifted 800 million people out of poverty. His vision of 'common prosperity' promotes interdependence and shared development, particularly through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative. This collectivist approach contrasts sharply with the Western emphasis on individualism. [2b1de3a4, d2e61cd1]
The summit also addressed the stark realities of poverty in various regions. For instance, India's poverty rate fell from nearly 23% in 2011 to below 13% in 2021, yet 129 million Indians remain in extreme poverty. Meanwhile, South Africa faces over 60% poverty despite having social safety nets in place. Africa is home to half of the world's poorest, with 25.6 million people in Sudan experiencing acute hunger due to ongoing civil conflict and food supply disruptions. [d2e61cd1]
UN Secretary-General António Guterres had previously called for a 'spirit of consensus' among member nations, criticizing Argentine President Javier Milei's opposition to multilateralism and climate agreements. He stressed that a divided G20 would diminish its global significance. The final declaration from the summit addressed humanitarian crises in Gaza and Ukraine, highlighting the interconnectedness of global challenges and the need for a unified response. [9f23ecdb, d2e61cd1]
The outcomes of the G20 Summit signal a potential reorientation of global priorities towards addressing poverty and fostering equitable economic growth. As the Global South's influence rises, it presents both opportunities and responsibilities in tackling global issues. South Africa is set to host the next G20 summit in 2025, indicating a continued focus on the Global South's role in international affairs. [2b1de3a4, d2e61cd1]