China's long-lived civilization is attributed to exams, bureaucracy, and the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, all of which have played significant roles in shaping the country's history and current trajectory [d8c9545f] [d853c151]. The examination system for recruiting bureaucrats has been a key method used by Chinese emperors to mold the bureaucracy and maintain political and ideological uniformity [d8c9545f]. This system promotes conformity and has engendered a large, male, managerial class indoctrinated by Confucian ideology [d8c9545f]. However, this political and ideological uniformity has also stifled technological advancement in China [d8c9545f].
In post-Mao China, Communist Party reformers encouraged technological advancement by delegating authority to regions and allowing greater social and economic diversity [d8c9545f]. These reforms aimed to promote innovation and stability in the country [d8c9545f]. However, the policies of current Chinese leader Xi Jinping threaten these advancements and stability [d8c9545f].
The collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1912 after over 250 years in power provides valuable lessons for understanding instability in China [d853c151]. An international research team led by the Complexity Science Hub Vienna has identified key reasons behind the collapse, revealing parallels to modern instability and offering lessons for the future [d853c151]. The collapse was influenced by a population explosion, increased competition for elite positions, and rising financial burdens [d853c151]. Social tensions peaked between 1840 and 1890, and the Qing rulers were aware of the mounting pressure [d853c151]. The study emphasizes the need for vigilance in any economy as circumstances can change rapidly [d853c151].
Yasheng Huang's book 'The Rise and Fall of the EAST' provides fresh insights and data on China's history and its current trajectory [d8c9545f]. The book explores the endurance and achievements of autocratic governance in China, shedding light on the role of exams, bureaucracy, and the collapse of the Qing Dynasty in shaping the country's civilization [d8c9545f] [d853c151]. It highlights how the examination system has contributed to China's long-lasting civilization and the challenges it poses to technological progress [d8c9545f].
Overall, exams, bureaucracy, and the collapse of the Qing Dynasty have been integral to China's longevity as a civilization, but they have also had their limitations. While they have fostered stability and conformity, they have hindered technological advancement. The current trajectory of China's political landscape under Xi Jinping raises concerns about the future of innovation and stability in the country [d8c9545f]. The collapse of the Qing Dynasty serves as a reminder of the need for vigilance and adaptability in order to prevent instability in the contemporary era [d853c151].