Artificial intelligence (AI) is being harnessed to address multiple challenges in Africa. In Sub-Saharan Africa, Ioanna Maria Spyrou, a Ph.D. candidate in the School of Economics at Georgia Institute of Technology, is developing a tool that utilizes AI and machine learning to predict food insecurity in the region [cb3ca318]. The tool aims to assist policymakers and community organizations in implementing timely interventions to alleviate hunger and achieve food security. The primary causes of food shortages in Sub-Saharan Africa are armed conflicts, climate change-induced droughts, and natural disasters. Spyrou and her advisor, Professor Shatakshee Dhongde, are working with data from Sudan, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Somalia. Their unique approach incorporates recent data from 2020 to 2023, as well as additional predictors such as monthly conflict data. The goal is to provide policymakers, aid organizations, and communities with valuable insights to effectively address the worsening crisis of food insecurity in Africa [cb3ca318].
Crude oil theft in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria has been a long-standing issue, causing economic losses and environmental damage [e574c2fa]. Nigeria, being one of the largest oil-producing countries in Africa, can use AI technologies such as monitoring and surveillance with drones and satellite imaging, predictive analytics, enhanced security systems, and collaboration with tech companies to combat oil theft. Examples from other countries like Mexico, the United States, and Saudi Arabia demonstrate the effectiveness of AI in reducing oil theft incidents. By investing in AI and improving surveillance and security systems, Nigeria can protect its oil installations, resources, and promote sustainable development in the country [e574c2fa].
The Horn of Africa is also utilizing AI to combat extreme weather events. Scientists at Oxford University are developing an AI system that can predict extreme weather using satellite data and weather forecasts. This system, known as the 'laptop weather forecaster,' provides a 48-hour warning for communities to prepare for floods, potentially saving lives and livelihoods. The success of this pilot program could make AI a powerful tool in mitigating the impact of climate change worldwide [6a20d0bb].
In Nigeria, Olanipekun Olukoyede, chairman of Nigeria's Financial and Monetary Crimes Commission, highlights blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) as tools to address illicit financial flows (IFFs) in Africa. He mentions that African countries lose $88.6 billion annually due to IFFs. Olukoyede emphasizes the need for strong legal frameworks, capacity building, and adopting advanced technologies like data analytics, blockchain, and AI for asset tracking and recovery efforts. He also mentions the importance of international cooperation and successful recoveries, such as the repatriation of $311 million linked to former Nigerian dictator Sani Abacha. Nigeria has recently embraced blockchain technology and AI, with the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) restructuring the National Blockchain Policy Steering Committee and advocating for the incorporation of AI into the country's security framework [6b41d863].
AI is also making significant contributions to agriculture in Africa. AI models can gather data from weather stations, satellites, and historical records to provide accurate weather forecasts for farmers. This helps farmers make informed decisions about planting, irrigation, and harvesting, especially in the face of climate change. AI-powered sensors and drones can collect data on soil conditions, allowing farmers to monitor moisture levels, nutrient content, and pH balance. Machine learning algorithms in AI models can analyze this data to provide real-time insights for farmers to optimize crop management. AI tools can also help identify pests and diseases in crops through image recognition and machine learning, enabling early detection and targeted treatments. The use of AI in agriculture can reduce waste, optimize resource usage, and increase crop yield and quality [98a07327].