Africa's agricultural sector is poised for a transformative shift, driven by the adoption of emerging technologies and innovative practices. As the continent grapples with significant challenges such as climate change and food insecurity, the implementation of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies is becoming increasingly vital. For instance, Botswana is taking the lead by partnering with E-Space Africa to utilize real-time data through low Earth orbit satellites and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The country plans to launch its first satellite in 2025 in collaboration with the Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST) and EnduroSat, which is expected to enhance agricultural productivity and decision-making [85a128e6].
In contrast, Zambia has faced severe agricultural setbacks, experiencing its worst drought in 40 years in 2023, compounded by Southern Africa receiving less than half of its typical rainfall in early 2024. This highlights the urgent need for climate-resilient agricultural practices across the region [85a128e6]. Notably, Kenya has developed a climate-smart bean variety that can yield 9-12 bags per acre, significantly outperforming traditional beans, which yield only 5-7 bags per acre. Such innovations are crucial as one in five Africans faced hunger in 2023, and the continent imports approximately $55 billion in food annually, a figure projected to double by 2030 [85a128e6].
The African Development Bank estimates that the food and agribusiness industry could be worth $1 trillion by 2030, underscoring the potential for growth in this sector. Technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and drone technology are set to optimize agricultural practices, but challenges remain, including high levels of informality and infrastructure deficits across the continent. To overcome these hurdles, governments are encouraged to invest in 4IR enablers and foster partnerships that enhance agricultural productivity [85a128e6].
Moreover, a strategic focus on human capital development and private sector engagement is essential for positioning Africa as a global agricultural powerhouse. By leveraging technology and innovation, the continent can not only address its food security challenges but also capitalize on its vast agricultural potential [85a128e6]. In summary, the integration of emerging technologies into Africa's agricultural landscape is critical for driving sustainable growth and ensuring food security for its growing population.