[Tree] U.S. consumer spending and inflation trends

Version 1.32 (2024-09-27 20:44:40.233000)

updates: Updated consumer spending and inflation data

Version 1.31 (2024-09-27 15:41:08.087000)

updates: Revisions show improved consumer health and spending trends

Version 1.3 (2024-09-27 14:41:17.275000)

updates: Updated consumer spending and inflation data

Version 1.29 (2024-09-27 13:38:42.493000)

updates: Updated consumer spending and inflation data

Version 1.28 (2024-09-25 21:38:30.203000)

updates: Increased reliance on savings for consumer spending

Version 1.27 (2024-09-18 00:34:48.467000)

updates: Retail sales rise boosts GDP growth projections

Version 1.26 (2024-09-17 23:43:14.037000)

updates: Retail sales rise; Fed expected to cut rates.

Version 1.25 (2024-09-17 19:33:38.191000)

updates: Retail sales rise; inflation eases; Fed rate cuts expected

Version 1.24 (2024-09-17 16:34:41.501000)

updates: Retail sales rose unexpectedly; unemployment improved.

Version 1.23 (2024-09-17 15:43:28.374000)

updates: Updated retail sales data and economic indicators

Version 1.22 (2024-09-17 15:42:27.455000)

updates: Retail sales rise; Fed considers interest rate cuts

Version 1.21 (2024-09-17 15:37:20.961000)

updates: Updated retail sales data and economic indicators

Version 1.2 (2024-08-23 16:34:51.185000)

updates: Inclusion of detailed sales data and economic indicators

Version 1.19 (2024-08-20 14:32:21.839000)

updates: Added details on inflation, consumer behavior, and policy responses

Version 1.18 (2024-08-18 01:09:25.694000)

updates: Updated information on US retail sales in July

Version 1.17 (2024-08-18 00:01:43.679000)

updates: Additional information on retail sales in July and economic outlook

Version 1.16 (2024-08-17 05:03:44.882000)

updates: Updated information on US retail sales in July

Version 1.15 (2024-08-16 14:10:20.142000)

updates: Integration of new information about US retail sales exceeding expectations in July, led by auto sales

Version 1.14 (2024-08-16 06:01:35.295000)

updates: US shoppers sharply boosted spending at retailers in July

Version 1.13 (2024-08-16 04:00:13.179000)

updates: Additional information on sales gains, concerns about credit card use, and updated economic outlook

Version 1.12 (2024-08-15 22:06:16.326000)

updates: US retail sales see biggest jump since early 2023

Version 1.11 (2024-08-15 21:03:26.479000)

updates: Updated information on US retail sales and consumer spending

Version 1.1 (2024-08-15 20:00:18.947000)

updates: Consumer spending remains strong in July; Job market shows resilience with 943,000 jobs added in July; Unemployment rate drops to 5.4%; Economists optimistic about economic recovery despite Delta variant concerns

Version 1.09 (2024-08-15 19:03:02.196000)

updates: Retail sales in July came in above expectations, driving stocks higher; The S&P 500 jumped 1.5 percent, on track for its sixth daily gain in a row; Retail sales increased 1 percent in July from the previous month, well above the 0.4 percent rise that economists were expecting; Sales excluding autos and gasoline also beat expectations, rising 0.4 percent; Consumer spending is a key driver of the U.S. economy, accounting for roughly two-thirds of gross domestic product; Based on the retail sales data, consumer spending is on track for 3.5 percent growth in the third quarter; Walmart reported that sales in the latest quarter rose more than analysts' estimates and raised its forecast for sales and profit for the year; Unemployment claims last week fell from the week before, indicating resilience in the job market; Overall inflation was 2.9 percent in July on a yearly basis, the first time inflation has dropped below 3 percent since 2021; Cooling inflation has solidified investors' predictions that the Fed will start lowering interest rates next month; More data like this could ease concerns that the economy is tilting toward recession, and take pressure off the Fed to cut rates more aggressively than they'd like to; It all adds up to an extremely positive environment for the stock market

Version 1.08 (2024-08-15 18:59:56.514000)

updates: Retail sales in July surged by 1%, the biggest increase since January 2023. Auto dealers, electronics and appliance stores, and grocery stores reported strong sales gains. The U.S. economy remains resilient despite higher prices and elevated interest rates. Vice President Kamala Harris' presidential campaign plans to ban 'price gouging' on groceries. Other economic data, including unemployment benefits, showed positive signs. Morgan Stanley has boosted their forecast for growth in the July-September quarter to a 2.3% annual rate. Inflation-adjusted wages have increased slightly from a year ago. Auto sales jumped 3.6% in July, the largest increase since January 2023. Walmart reported strong sales and boosted its sales outlook for this year. Some economists worry that much of Americans' spending is being fueled by increased use of credit cards. Inflation slowed in July, with consumer prices rising just 2.9% from a year earlier.

Version 1.07 (2024-08-15 18:05:43.929000)

updates: Retail sales in July increased by 1%, surpassing expectations

Version 1.06 (2024-08-15 17:05:29.534000)

updates: US retail sales surged in July, surpassing expectations

Version 1.05 (2024-08-15 16:05:51.538000)

updates: Retail sales in July increased by 1%, surpassing expectations

Version 1.04 (2024-08-15 16:02:18.092000)

updates: Retail sales in July surged by 1%, surpassing expectations

Version 1.03 (2024-08-15 15:01:37.574000)

updates: Retail sales in July surged by 1%, exceeding expectations

Version 1.02 (2024-08-15 14:15:24.607000)

updates: US retail sales in July beat expectations, indicating stable demand

Version 1.01 (2024-08-15 14:05:50.703000)

updates: New information on US retail sales in July

Version 1.0 (2024-08-15 13:11:14.620000)

updates: US retail sales in July surpass expectations, indicating strong recovery in consumer spending

Version 0.99 (2024-08-15 12:59:25.934000)

updates: US retail sales surged in July, showing unexpected strength in the economy

Version 0.98 (2024-07-24 16:04:29.986000)

updates: New information about US new home sales in June

Version 0.97 (2024-07-19 18:09:57.758000)

updates: Canadian retail sales dropped 0.8% in May

Version 0.96 (2024-07-17 14:57:22.018000)

updates: US industrial production posts largest back-to-back gains since 2021

Version 0.95 (2024-07-17 13:55:56.793000)

updates: Inclusion of information about US industrial production surpassing expectations

Version 0.94 (2024-07-17 09:54:55.234000)

updates: Retail sales in June remained steady, suggesting stronger economic growth in the second quarter

Version 0.93 (2024-07-17 08:57:37.543000)

updates: Retail sales in June held steady at USD704.3 billion

Version 0.92 (2024-07-17 07:59:56.431000)

updates: Updated information on retail sales in June and economic outlook

Version 0.91 (2024-07-17 07:54:20.235000)

updates: Includes specific details on sales at gas stations and auto dealerships, as well as the rise in online sales. Mentions the decline in inflation and the addition of jobs in June. Provides additional information on the retail landscape with the acquisition of Neiman Marcus Group by Saks Fifth Avenue and the termination of buyout talks by Macy's. Mentions the closure of underperforming stores by Stop & Shop. Emphasizes the importance of retail sales in overall consumer spending and the economy.

Version 0.9 (2024-07-17 03:57:03.613000)

updates: US retail sales dipped 0.3% in June, led by auto and gas drops. Analysts forecast further consumption slowdown and note cooling inflation.

Version 0.89 (2024-07-16 23:55:19.308000)

updates: New information about retail spending in June and online sales

Version 0.88 (2024-07-16 22:54:22.582000)

updates: Includes information about retail sales holding steady in June

Version 0.87 (2024-07-16 20:57:57.653000)

updates: Additional details on retail sales, inflation, employment, and retail landscape

Version 0.86 (2024-07-16 19:55:17.572000)

updates: New details on retail sales and economic growth

Version 0.85 (2024-07-16 19:54:08.170000)

updates: Retail sales remain unchanged in June, with additional details on specific sectors and consumer behavior

Version 0.84 (2024-07-16 17:58:49.959000)

updates: Added information about retail sales in June, online store sales, challenges in the economy

Version 0.83 (2024-07-16 16:55:10.726000)

updates: Retail sales data, inflation figures, job market updates, business acquisitions, store closures

Version 0.82 (2024-07-16 15:54:54.857000)

updates: Updated information on retail sales data and consumer spending in the US

Version 0.81 (2024-07-16 14:55:59.661000)

updates: New information on retail sales in June and its impact on the US economy

Version 0.8 (2024-07-16 14:55:38.747000)

updates: Retail sales data defies expectations, suggests consumer resilience

Version 0.79 (2024-07-16 14:54:32.970000)

updates: New details on retail sales in June, including specific figures and trends

Version 0.78 (2024-07-16 13:55:17.854000)

updates: Updated information on retail sales in June and inflation

Version 0.77 (2024-07-16 13:54:56.859000)

updates: Retail sales data for June, spending at US retailers, details on sales by category

Version 0.76 (2024-07-16 12:55:19.860000)

updates: Updated information on US retail sales in June

Version 0.75 (2024-07-16 12:54:26.941000)

updates: New information on retail sales in June and expectations for an interest rate cut

Version 0.74 (2024-07-16 12:54:13.166000)

updates: Additional information on retail sales in June

Version 0.73 (2024-07-16 12:54:04.289000)

updates: The US retail sales report for June defied expectations of decline and showed surprising stability. The report suggests that consumer spending in the US may be more resilient than previously thought, despite concerns about inflationary pressures and higher interest rates.

Version 0.72 (2024-07-16 11:57:00.760000)

updates: US retail sales show modest growth in June

Version 0.71 (2024-07-12 16:57:39.926000)

updates: US retail sales show modest growth in June

Version 0.71 (2024-07-12 16:57:39.926000)

updates: US retail sales show modest growth in June

Version 0.7 (2024-07-02 09:58:42.138000)

updates: Integration of Hong Kong retail sales data

Version 0.69 (2024-06-27 14:56:54.218000)

updates: Incorporated information about the disappointing US retail sales in May and the potential for a rate cut by the Federal Reserve. Added details about the decline in sales at gas stations and furniture stores, as well as the solid spending at specialty stores. Included information about the impact of high interest rates and inflation on consumers. Mentioned the cautious market reaction and the increased probability of a rate cut in September. Added information about the downward revision to April's core retail sales and the potential trimming of GDP growth estimates. Incorporated comments from a top Federal Reserve official about the slowing retail sales and the possibility of a rate cut. Added details about the decline in sales due to lower gasoline prices and the testing of consumers' resilience. Included information about the increase in manufacturing output and expectations for incremental growth in the second half of the year. Mentioned the decline in retail sales and the focus on personal spending that includes services.

Version 0.68 (2024-06-21 19:57:25.641000)

updates: Incorporated information about the disappointing US retail sales in May and the potential for a rate cut by the Federal Reserve. Added details about the decline in sales at gas stations and furniture stores, as well as the solid spending at specialty stores. Included information about the impact of high interest rates and inflation on consumers. Mentioned the cautious market reaction and the increased probability of a rate cut in September. Added information about the downward revision to April's core retail sales and the potential trimming of GDP growth estimates. Incorporated comments from a top Federal Reserve official about the slowing retail sales and the possibility of a rate cut. Added details about the decline in sales due to lower gasoline prices and the testing of consumers' resilience. Included information about the increase in manufacturing output and expectations for incremental growth in the second half of the year. Mentioned the decline in retail sales and the focus on personal spending that includes services.

Version 0.67 (2024-06-20 03:53:52.335000)

updates: Includes analysis of the retail sales report and its implications for the US economy

Version 0.66 (2024-06-19 09:55:28.170000)

updates: The global goods demand has weakened, which could impact the global growth outlook.

Version 0.65 (2024-06-19 02:55:37.866000)

updates: Updated information on retail sales and manufacturing production in the US

Version 0.64 (2024-06-19 00:56:43.253000)

updates: The US retail sales growth in May fell short of expectations, indicating a continued softening in consumer demand. Gas stations and furniture stores saw declines in sales, while specialty stores experienced the strongest spending. The slower growth is attributed to high interest rates and inflation. Market expectations for a rate cut in September have increased. Industrial production rose in May, but manufacturing orders need to rebound for sustained growth. A top Federal Reserve official stated that the slowing retail sales are bolstering the chances of a rate cut. Retail sales in May increased by a modest 0.1%, falling short of economists' predictions. Gasoline stations and furniture stores struggled, while sporting goods and hobby stores posted the strongest gains. Consumer spending is slowing due to moderating real income growth and increasing credit constraints. The retail sales control group rose by 0.4% in May. Retail sales have increased by 2.3% compared to a year ago.

Version 0.63 (2024-06-18 23:56:02.299000)

updates: New information on retail sales growth and consumer spending

Version 0.62 (2024-06-18 19:53:13.601000)

updates: Top Fed official suggests rate cut as US retail sales slow

Version 0.61 (2024-06-18 18:56:56.118000)

updates: Retail sales data and analysis

Version 0.6 (2024-06-18 17:55:59.921000)

updates: Includes information about the S&P 500 and Nasdaq hovering near record levels

Version 0.59 (2024-06-18 17:53:12.099000)

updates: The article provides additional analysis on the disappointing US retail sales for May and the potential impact on inflation and interest rates. It also highlights the expectations for consumer spending to continue cooling and the possibility of a rate cut by the Federal Reserve in September. The article mentions the downward revision to April's core retail sales and the potential trimming of GDP growth estimates for the quarter. It further discusses the factors contributing to a more cautious consumer sector, such as flat real household disposable incomes, high consumer credit costs, and declining consumer confidence readings. The article also mentions the rise in US industrial production in May and the need for manufacturing orders to rebound for sustained growth. Overall, the article provides a more comprehensive analysis of the current state of US retail sales and its implications on the economy and inflation.

Version 0.58 (2024-06-18 15:57:15.335000)

updates: The new information provides more details on the reasons behind the slower growth in retail sales, including high interest rates and inflation. It also highlights the potential for a rate cut by the Federal Reserve in September and the impact of consumer sentiment on spending trends.

Version 0.57 (2024-06-18 15:53:40.528000)

updates: Retail sales rose less than expected in May

Version 0.56 (2024-06-18 14:55:15.937000)

updates: April data revised significantly, slowing sales growth

Version 0.55 (2024-06-18 14:53:04.458000)

updates: Retail sales figures revised, consumer sentiment dropped, major retailers reduce prices

Version 0.54 (2024-06-18 13:58:16.750000)

updates: The slower growth in retail sales is attributed to high interest rates and inflation, which are weighing on consumers. This raises concerns about the strength of the US economy and the potential for a recession. The market is reacting cautiously to the data, with futures trading around the flat line. The probability for a rate cut in September has increased slightly. Overall, the report indicates that consumers are pushing back on prices and reducing spending on discretionary items, while continuing to spend on health and personal care products. The retail sales report suggests a potential weakness in the US economy and raises questions about the stability of the economy and the likelihood of a recession.

Version 0.53 (2024-06-18 13:58:00.678000)

updates: Consumer sentiment, job market, price reductions, inflationary pressures

Version 0.52 (2024-06-18 13:56:46.923000)

updates: The US retail sales data for May was lower than expected, and the retail data for April was revised to show a decline. The slower growth is attributed to high interest rates and inflation, raising concerns about the strength of the US economy and the potential for a recession. Consumers are reducing spending on discretionary items but continue to spend on health and personal care products.

Version 0.51 (2024-06-18 13:56:33.842000)

updates: Retail sales rose just 0.1% in May, falling short of expectations

Version 0.5 (2024-06-18 13:54:23.556000)

updates: Sales at furniture and home furnishing stores fell in May

Version 0.49 (2024-06-18 13:53:04.018000)

updates: Reflects lower-than-expected retail sales in May and consumer pullback

Version 0.48 (2024-06-18 12:56:37.157000)

updates: Retail sales increased less than expected in May

Version 0.47 (2024-06-18 12:56:23.600000)

updates: Additional details on retail sales in May

Version 0.46 (2024-06-18 12:55:06.703000)

updates: Updates on US retail sales in May

Version 0.45 (2024-05-31 15:15:11.681000)

updates: Added information about Hong Kong retail sales decline

Version 0.44 (2024-05-28 03:55:17.323000)

updates: Integration of Australia retail sales data

Version 0.43 (2024-05-28 01:56:45.534000)

updates: Inclusion of Australia retail sales data

Version 0.43 (2024-05-28 01:56:45.534000)

updates: Inclusion of Australia retail sales data

Version 0.42 (2024-05-24 06:59:22.748000)

updates: Inclusion of UK retail sales decline and its attribution to bad weather

Version 0.41 (2024-05-23 04:53:32.637000)

updates: Retail sales fall short of expectations, indicating a slowdown in consumer spending

Version 0.4 (2024-05-17 01:52:28.087000)

updates: Integration of information about consumer spending slowdown and recession warning

Version 0.39 (2024-05-16 23:53:31.604000)

updates: Retail sales stagnate in April, downward revisions in previous months, concerns over household debt

Version 0.38 (2024-05-15 20:52:32.459000)

updates: The latest data suggests that consumers may be getting tired and scaling back their spending due to high interest rates, decreased savings, and high debt. The slowdown in retail sales was driven by a decrease in online sales, which could be attributed to an Amazon sales event in March and the earlier timing of Easter this year. Economists also point to depleted savings, high debt, and slowing job growth as factors contributing to the slowdown. The gains in sales over the past year may be more due to inflation than increased consumer demand. The slowdown in retail sales could potentially lead to a reduction in inflationary pressure and prompt the Federal Reserve to consider cutting its benchmark interest rate. Inflation rose at a slower rate in April compared to March but is still above the Fed's long-term target. Fed officials will likely see the data as a partial offset to the persistently elevated inflation environment.

Version 0.37 (2024-05-15 16:56:06.482000)

updates: Retail sales in the US remained unchanged in April, falling short of economists' expectations

Version 0.36 (2024-05-15 14:58:13.733000)

updates: April retail sales fall short of expectations, potential slowdown in consumer spending

Version 0.35 (2024-05-15 13:51:59.445000)

updates: US consumers starting to rein in spending, retail sales unchanged in April, modest increases in sales for clothing stores and gasoline stations, annual inflation rate eases to 3.4% [2385dc7e]

Version 0.34 (2024-05-15 12:54:13.809000)

updates: Retail sales in April remained unchanged, falling short of expectations

Version 0.33 (2024-04-10 16:20:25.752000)

updates: Cautious optimism for retailers in 2024

Version 0.32 (2024-02-20 15:17:17.934000)

updates: Contrasting performance of e-commerce and traditional retail sales

Version 0.31 (2024-02-18 11:16:25.840000)

updates: Updated information on retail sales decline and economic outlook

Version 0.3 (2024-02-17 23:16:51.598000)

updates: Winter storms and financial hurdles for shoppers

Version 0.29 (2024-02-16 10:17:45.646000)

updates: The decline in retail sales is attributed to winter storms and decline in auto dealership and gasoline service station receipts

Version 0.28 (2024-02-16 08:19:04.263000)

updates: Retail sales decline in January due to snowy weather and higher interest rates

Version 0.27 (2024-02-16 06:18:07.827000)

updates: The decline in retail sales in January was larger than expected. The decline in retail sales in October was the first drop since March. The decline in retail sales is attributed to factors such as high interest rates, dwindling savings, slowing job growth, and wage moderation. The decline in retail sales is seen as a reflection of the Omicron variant and supply chain disruptions. The decline in retail sales is expected to have a ripple effect on other sectors of the economy. The decline in retail sales highlights the challenges facing the U.S. economy as it tries to recover from the pandemic.

Version 0.26 (2024-02-16 06:16:47.187000)

updates: Incorporated information about January industrial production, weaknesses in e-commerce and card spending, and stronger manufacturing activity in New York and Philadelphia [45f789ef]

Version 0.25 (2024-02-16 05:17:24.051000)

updates: New information on weekly jobless claims and revised retail sales data

Version 0.24 (2024-02-15 23:21:42.509000)

updates: Updated information on retail sales decline and its impact on the US economy

Version 0.23 (2024-02-15 22:17:49.276000)

updates: US retail sales for January declined sharply, larger than forecasted

Version 0.22 (2024-02-15 20:16:04.409000)

updates: Retail sales in the US experienced their largest decline since March 2023, falling by 0.8% in January, lower than expected. The decline in sales was particularly notable in the building materials and motor vehicles sectors. The National Retail Federation attributed the dip in sales to weather events and increased prices for services. Wells Fargo and Morgan Stanley analysts expect retail sales to soften in 2024 but believe the strong job market will support consumer resilience throughout the year [8d12718b].

Version 0.21 (2024-02-15 19:16:38.783000)

updates: The decline in retail sales in the US raises concerns about economic growth in the first quarter. The first-quarter GDP forecast has been cut due to the decline in retail sales. The weak retail sales data adds to the uncertainty about the economic outlook. The decline in retail sales is seen as a reflection of the Omicron variant and supply chain disruptions. The decline in retail sales is also attributed to the impact of rising prices on consumer purchasing power. The decline in retail sales is expected to have a negative impact on first-quarter GDP growth.

Version 0.2 (2024-02-15 19:15:57.443000)

updates: Retail sales declined more than expected in January

Version 0.19 (2024-02-15 17:22:52.058000)

updates: Discussion on how consumer spending may change on Fed cuts

Version 0.18 (2024-02-15 17:18:08.496000)

updates: US retail sales experienced the largest decline since March 2023, falling by 0.8% in January, the biggest drop in nearly a year. The decline in retail sales follows a strong holiday shopping season. Nine out of 13 categories posted decreases in the retail-sales report, led by building materials stores and auto dealers. The decline in retail sales may indicate a slowdown in economic growth in the first quarter. The decrease in shopping is expected to result in slower economic growth. The decline in consumer spending raises concerns about the state of the US economy and the potential for a recession. The slowdown in consumer spending is seen as a positive development by the Federal Reserve, as it could help keep inflation in check.

Version 0.17 (2024-02-15 16:21:11.605000)

updates: US retail sales experienced the largest decline since March 2023, falling by 0.8% in January, the biggest drop in nearly a year. The decline in retail sales follows a strong holiday shopping season. Nine out of 13 categories posted decreases in the retail-sales report, led by building materials stores and auto dealers. The decline in retail sales may indicate a slowdown in economic growth in the first quarter. The decrease in shopping is expected to result in slower economic growth. The decline in consumer spending raises concerns about the state of the US economy and the potential for a recession. The slowdown in consumer spending is seen as a positive development by the Federal Reserve, as it could help keep inflation in check.

Version 0.16 (2024-02-15 15:21:35.921000)

updates: Includes information on weekly jobless claims and revised December sales figures

Version 0.15 (2024-02-15 14:17:51.878000)

updates: Retail sales in the US experienced their largest decline since March 2023, falling by 0.8% in January. This decline was greater than the expected decrease of 0.2%. Excluding auto and gas sales, retail sales decreased by 0.5%. Nine out of the 13 categories saw declines, with building materials and garden equipment leading the way. Sales at furniture and home stores rose by 1.5%. The decline in retail sales raises questions about the resilience of the American consumer and may indicate a slowdown in economic growth in the first quarter. Despite concerns about inflation, the Federal Reserve may not need to worry if economic resilience continues to decline.

Version 0.14 (2024-02-15 13:18:44.461000)

updates: Updates on US consumer spending and the impact of inflation

Version 0.13 (2023-12-01 14:38:26.786000)

updates: Integration of new information about American households pulling back on spending after a summer of splurging.

Version 0.12 (2023-11-22 19:57:00.428000)

updates: Consumer spending slowdown, negative financial outlook

Version 0.11 (2023-11-15 22:41:59.692000)

updates: Retail sales decline, indicating cooling economy and consumer spending challenges

Version 0.1 (2023-11-15 18:40:52.776000)

updates: Retail sales decline in October

Version 0.09 (2023-11-15 18:40:14.007000)

updates: Retail sales decline in October, concerns for holiday shopping

Version 0.08 (2023-11-15 17:49:37.030000)

updates: Retail sales decline in October

Version 0.07 (2023-11-15 16:42:36.569000)

updates: Retail sales decline in October, concerns for holiday shopping

Version 0.06 (2023-11-15 15:50:36.231000)

updates: Lower than expected decline in retail sales

Version 0.05 (2023-11-15 14:41:44.815000)

updates: Retail sales declined in October, raising concerns for holiday shopping season

Version 0.04 (2023-11-15 14:41:26.137000)

updates: Updated information on US retail sales decline in October

Version 0.03 (2023-11-13 15:04:02.332000)

updates: Updated information on US holiday sales growth

Version 0.02 (2023-11-09 21:33:47.563000)

updates: The story has been restructured and organized to provide a clearer narrative on the impact of inflation on US holiday sales growth.

Version 0.01 (2023-11-09 01:25:46.480000)

updates: Added information about consumer spending patterns and holiday shopping

Version 0.0 (2023-11-06 04:31:07.965000)

updates: