In recent discussions surrounding China's foreign policy, a comprehensive analysis by Niall Duggan highlights that despite perceptions of increased aggression under Xi Jinping, the core identity of China's foreign policy has remained consistent since the post-Mao era. This continuity is deeply rooted in modern Chinese nationalism, which can be traced back to Han movements from 1911 and has evolved through various phases, including the establishment of socialist patriotism post-1949 and the initiation of patriotic education campaigns in 1994. These elements have shaped a national identity that significantly influences China's international relations and diplomatic strategies.
Xi Jinping's leadership has indeed been characterized by assertive territorial claims, particularly in the South China Sea, and the ambitious Belt and Road Initiative, which aims to enhance China's global economic influence. However, the analysis emphasizes that China's economic growth has not led to a shift towards liberal democracy, maintaining a consistent set of foreign policy goals. Notably, China has positioned itself as a supporter of the Global South in matters of international law and climate governance, further solidifying its role on the global stage.
The recent Central Foreign Affairs Work Conference (CFAWC) further underscores this strategic direction, as President Xi outlined a diplomatic focus on the Global South and a commitment to building a 'community with a shared future for mankind.' This approach aims to mobilize support from developing nations while seeking to reshape global governance structures to better reflect China's interests and values. The CFAWC's themes resonate with Xi's previous engagements, indicating a desire to collaborate with the West while also reinforcing regional security and economic partnerships in Asia.
Additionally, Xi Jinping's Dual Circulation Strategy, introduced in 2020, emphasizes a dual approach to economic management, focusing on internal circulation (domestic economic activity) and external circulation (international trade). This strategy aims to reduce reliance on external demand by promoting domestic consumption and expanding the middle class. The initiative of Common Prosperity seeks to address wealth inequality and redistribute wealth through taxation and corporate responsibility, aligning with social rebalancing efforts linked to the Social Credit System, which monitors behavior to enhance trustworthiness. Ideological correctness, rooted in Marxist-Leninist principles, promotes national unity and is integral to China's vision of reshaping the global order and challenging Western dominance through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative and BRICS. [686c172c] [54fdaab3] [7d6b5263] [e807ed82] [bcf12c67]