On January 12, 2025, Nicolás Maduro was sworn in for a controversial third term as president of Venezuela, marking over 11 years in power since the death of Hugo Chavez. His inauguration comes amid significant international isolation and ongoing economic challenges facing the country. In the 2019 elections, Maduro's presidency was not recognized by 40 countries, including the United States, Colombia, Brazil, and various EU nations, reflecting a long-standing skepticism regarding the legitimacy of his leadership. [7a9dd66d]
The recent election held in July 2024 has been widely criticized, leading to a divided response from Latin American leaders. Colombian President Gustavo Petro condemned the electoral process, asserting that the elections were not free. In contrast, Chilean President Gabriel Boric labeled Maduro's government as a dictatorship, reflecting a strong stance against the regime. [b0617469]
Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum took a more diplomatic approach, emphasizing the importance of Venezuelan sovereignty while refraining from outright condemnation. Meanwhile, the Uruguayan government condemned Maduro's regime as authoritarian, aligning with the sentiments expressed by other regional leaders. Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva notably shifted his stance against Maduro, which resulted in Venezuela's exclusion from the BRICS group. Peruvian President Dina Boluarte also rejected Maduro's presidency, further isolating the Venezuelan leader in the region. [b0617469]
In a show of support for Maduro, Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel attended the inauguration, reinforcing the legitimacy of Maduro's government in the eyes of some allies. Only 16 UN-recognized countries, including Bolivia, Cuba, Nicaragua, and El Salvador, sent representatives to his inauguration, highlighting the dwindling number of Maduro's international supporters. [7a9dd66d]
However, on January 19, 2025, the Biden administration officially rejected Maduro's reelection, labeling it neither fair nor free, despite Maduro's earlier promises to hold democratic elections. The U.S. has granted a financial lifeline to Venezuela, allowing Chevron to pump and export oil, which has reportedly earned Maduro's government about $4 billion. This permit accounts for approximately 25% of Venezuela's oil production, a significant boost given the country's steep decline in oil output over the years. [739a3928]
Chevron's joint ventures in Venezuela produced around 80,000 barrels a day, and the company's license allows it to export oil without paying taxes to the Venezuelan government. Critics argue that this arrangement has not encouraged democratic reforms, and President Biden has stated he lacks sufficient data to adjust the sanctions policy. [bd565eee]
As tensions rise, the political divide extends beyond party lines in the U.S., with bipartisan support for measures aimed at addressing the humanitarian crisis in Venezuela. Florida Republicans, including Rep. Carlos Giménez and Sen. Rick Scott, have voiced their support for opposition candidate Edmundo González and have taken a firm stance against Maduro's regime. The ongoing debate over recognition, sanctions, and humanitarian support will continue to shape the narrative surrounding Venezuela's future. [091aa471]